ABSTRACT
A method was developed for determination of thirteen amines including seven aliphatic amines, two heterocyclic amines and four aromatic amines in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples were ultrasonically extracted with ultra-pure water and derivatized with benzenesulfonyl chloride (BSC) under alkaline conditions. The derivatives were extracted with dichloromethane and then detected by GC-MS using DB-5MS chromatographic column. The method detection limit (S/N=3) and quantitation limit (S/N=10) were 0.00008-0.017 μg/mL and 0.00026-0.0565 μg/mL respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9903-0.9996, which indicated that the standard curve had good linear correlation. In addition, the relative standard deviation was less than 30％ and the average recovery was 54.4％-159.7％ except for methylamine and benzylamine at spiked level of 1.0 μg/mL, showing high precision and accuracy. 9 kinds of amines were detected in the PM2.5 samples collected in Guangzhou city by this method, among which dimethylamine and butylamine accounted for 90％ of the total nine amines, which indicated that they were primary amines in PM2.5; while propylamine exhibited the lowest level in PM2.5 with the concentration less than 1.0 ng/m3.
ABSTRACT
Ninety specimens of pathologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were studied. The patients consisted of 71 male and 19 female with a male/femai ratio of 3.5:1. Their age was ranged from 32 to 79. 12 specimens were studied with electron microscope. The histopathological and ultrastructural features of transitional cell carcinoma were described. Our fol-lowup data of the cases revealed that the larger a tumor,the lower its differentiation, the deeper its invasion, and the more extensive the involvement of lymphatic and blood vessels, the poorer the prognosis of the tumor. In addition the ultrastructural characteristics of transitional oell carcinoma were briefly discussed.